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Supreme Court Decision 2006Da87453 Delivered on April 27, 2007[Confirmation of Non-existence of Obligation]*First Draft


[Main Issues]

[1]Whether the content of the agreement can be alleged as the terms of the insurance contract if the insurer signs an insurance contract in violation of the obligation to clarify and explain the individual terms of the agreement(negative)

[2]Whether the insurer shall be deemed to have an obligation to clarify and explain the terms of policy if the term of policy is something general and common to a transaction so an insurance purchaser could anticipate without separate explanation or if it refers to what is already stipulated in laws and regulations(negative)

[3]The case holding that the insurance agreement stipulating a notice duty as to the transfer of the insured automobile needs not be separately clarified or explained individually by the insurer


[Summary of Decision]

[1] Generally, an insurer or a person who engages in the signing or recruiting of an insurance contract has the obligation to clarify and explain the individual items of the agreement in specific detail about the content of the insurance product, the system of the insurance premium and changes of what is written on the written subscription to the insurance purchaser or the insured, so if the insurer signs an insurance contract while violating such obligation to clarify and explain the individual items of the agreement, the content of the agreement shall not be argued as the content of the insurance contract.

[2]Even though it is an item on the agreement, if it is something general and common to a transaction so an insurance purchaser would expect without separate explanation or if it only amounts to a repetition or addition to what is already stipulated in laws and regulations, the insurer shall not be deemed to have the obligation to clarify and explain such items.

[3]The case holding that the term of the insurance agreement stipulating the notice duty as to the transfer of the insured automobile needs not be separately clarified or explained individually by the insurer since such notice duty is an item which average persons fully anticipate to be part of the insurance agreement


[Reference Provisions]

[1]Article 638-3 (1) of the Commercial Act,  Article 3 of the Regulation of standardized Contracts Act/ [2]Article 638-3 (1) of the Commercial Act, Article 3 of the Regulation of standardized Contracts Act/ [3]Article 638-3 (1) of the Commercial Act, Article 3 of the Regulation of standardized Contracts Act
Article 3 of the Regulation of standardized Contracts Act
(Obligation to Specify and Explain Standardized Contracts)
(1) Prior to entering into a contract, an enterpriser shall explain to its customers the content of a standardized contract in a way  that would generally be expected for the type of contract in question and shall, upon the request of the customer, deliver a copy of the standardized contract to the customer to help the customer understand the standardized contract: Provided, That this does not apply to a standardized contract which is approved by an administrative agency under other Acts and which is provided for in the Presidential Decree because of the need to effect a speedy transaction.
(2) An enterpriser shall explain the important particulars of a standardized contract so that customers can understand them: Provided, That this does not apply where such an explanation is extremely difficult due to the nature of the contract.
(3) If an enterpriser enters into a contract in violation of the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) above, he may not claim that the pertinent standardized contract forms a part of the contract.
Article 638-3 of the Commercial Act
(Obligation to Deliver and specify Standard Insurance Terms)
(1) When an insurer enters into an insurance contract, it shall deliver the standard insurance terms to the policyholder, and inform him of their important contents.


[Reference Cases]

[1]Supreme Court Decision 97Da4494 delivered on Sep.26, 1997(Gong1997Ha, 3227), Supreme Court Decision 2001Da14917, 14924 delivered on Sep. 18, 2001(Gong2001Ha, 32243), Supreme Court Decision 2005Da38713 delivered on Oct.28. 2005/[2]Supreme Court Decision 98Da32564 delivered on Nov.27, 1998(Gong1999Sang, 41), Supreme Court Decision 2003Da7302 delivered on April 27, 2004(Gong2004Sang, 875)
[Plaintiff, Appellant]Jeil Fire & Marine Insurance Co. Ltd. (Law Firm Sae-earl, Attorneys Kim Young-hwan and 5 others, Counsel for plaintiff-appellant)
[Defendant, Appellee]Defendant and 1 other
[Judgment of the Court Below]Incheon District Court Decision 2006Na5031 delivered on Nov. 24, 2006


[Disposition]

The court below's decision shall be reversed and the case shall be remanded to the Main Court Panel Division of the Incheon District Court.


[Reasoning]

 This is to judge the Reasons for Appeal.

 1. Based upon the selected evidence, the court below recognized, that defendant 1 signed a "Comprehensive automobile insurance contract for peace of mind for family and business (hereinafter referred to as the "insurance contract in this case")" with the plaintiff which is an insurance company, for the automobile in this case owned by him, while the insured was the defendant and the period was from May 12, 2004 to May 12, 2005, that defendant 1 transferred the automobile in this case to defendant 2 in around January 2005, that defendant Lee Byung Keun was driving the automobile in this case while he had not changed the name on the registration of the automobile in this case and caused the traffic accident in this case on May 6, 2005, that the agreement of the insurance contract in this case includes "if the insurance purchaser or the named insured transfers the insured automobile during the insurance period, the rights and obligations of the insurance purchaser and the insured generated by this insurance contract shall not be inherited to the transferee of the insured automobile. However, if the insurance purchaser notifies the insurance company in writing of the intention to transfer the said rights and obligations to the transferee thereby requesting the approval of the above and if the insurance company approves it, this insurance contract shall apply to the transferee from the moment of such approval. If the insurance company does not approve the above, it shall not pay for accidents that occur after the insured automobile is transferred (hereinafter referred to as the "agreement in this case")", that the defendant 1 never notified the plaintiff of the transfer of the automobile that occurred in around January 2005, that the plaintiff sent the notice that it does not have the obligation for payment to the defendants in accordance with the insurance contract in this case due to the negligence of the obligation to notify committed by defendant 1 on around May 17, 2005, that meanwhile, the plaintiff recognized the fact that it did not explain the individual items of the agreement in this case to defendant 1 at time of signing the insurance contract in this case, and then judged that the argument made by the plaintiff that it does not have the obligation for payment shall not be accepted, as the plaintiff shall not be deemed to be exempted from the obligation to clarify and explain the individual items of the agreement in this case.


2. The decision by the court below, however, cannot be accepted for the following reasons.

 Generally, an insurer or a person who engages in the signing or recruiting of an insurance contract has the obligation to clarify and explain the individual items of the agreement in specific detail about the content of the insurance product, the system of the insurance premium and changes of what is written on the written subscription to the insurance purchaser or the insured, so if the insurer signs an insurance contract while violating such obligation to clarify and explain the individual items of the agreement, the content of the agreement shall not be argued as the contents of the insurance contract (refer to Supreme Court Decisions 2005Da38713 and 38720 delivered on October 28, 2005, et al.), but the recognition of such obligation to clarify and explain the individual items of the agreement only purports to avoid a situation where important items of the agreement become the content of the contract unbeknownst to the insurance purchaser which causes damages to the insurance purchaser unexpectedly, so even though it is an item on the agreement, if it is something general and common to a transaction so an insurance purchaser would expect without separate explanation or if it only amounts to a repetition or addition to what is already stipulated in laws and regulations, the insurer shall not be deemed to have the obligation to clarify and explain such items (refer to Supreme Court Decision 98Da32564 delivered on November 27, 1998, Supreme Court Decision 2003Da7302 delivered on April 27, 2004, et al.). 

  But the reason why the insurer has the obligation to clarify and explain important items on the agreement to insurance contractors et al. in specific detail is to prevent the insurance purchaser from suffering from unexpected damages because important items of the agreement become the content of the contract unbeknownst to the insurance contractor, and Article 726-4 of the Commercial Code that took effect on January 1, 1993 after it was amended on December 31, 1991 into Act Number 4470 stipulates, "If an insured transfers the automobile during the insurance period, the transferee shall inherit the rights and obligations generated by the insurance contract only through the approval of the insurer (Parag.1). When the insurer gets a notice from the transferee about the transfer, the insurer shall immediately notify whether it approves it or not, and if there is no notice of approval or disapproval within ten (10) days, it shall be deemed that the insurer has approved it (Section 2)," and the agreement in this case is nothing more than a provision that paraphrases the above provisions of the Commercial Code and it is something the general public can expect out of transactions without a separate explanation by the insurer, and in an automobile insurance contract, the "main driver" is an important part that determines the system of the insurance premium (refer to Supreme Court Decision 95Da45873 delivered on September 9, 1997 et al.), and in accordance with the fact that the transfer of an insured automobile directly affects the criteria to calculate the insurance premium regardless of whether there is a special agreement that limits the driver attached to the automobile insurance contract in question, the agreement in this case shall be deemed as something that the plaintiff, who is the insurer, does not have to individually clarify and explain to the insurance contractor.

  Nevertheless, the court below delivered the decision from a different point of view and on the premise that the agreement in this case is something that has to be individually clarified and explained by the insurer, which is in violation of the law that affected the decision, by misunderstanding legal reasoning concerning the obligation to explain an insurance agreement. The argument in the Reasons for Appeal is reasonable.


  3. Therefore, the decision by the court below shall be reversed, and the case shall be returned to the court below for a new deliberation and decision, and this decision was delivered with the assent of all Justices involved.


Justices Park Si-hwan(Presiding Justice), Kim Yong-dam, Park Il-hwan, Kim Neung-hwan(Justice in charge)


* This translation is provisional and subject to revision